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Sugar, fat, eggs and milk in bread dough

Enriching ingredients make bread softer, richer and longer-keeping. Fat (butter, oil) tenderises the crumb and slows staling; sugar sweetens, browns the crust and, above about 10% of the flour, slows the yeast; eggs add colour, richness and structure; milk softens the crumb and browns the crust. Enriched doughs bake cooler and are done at about 190°F.

Fat: about 15% of the flour in King Arthur's soft sandwich loaves, up to 50% in its professional brioche formula. Sugar: above 10%, expect slower rising. Bake: about 350 to 375°F, to about 190°F inside.

What each ingredient does

Milk and eggs are mostly water, so an enriched dough feels wetter than its water alone suggests, and recipes that quote hydration often count them as liquid. The baker's percentage calculator scales them in its "other ingredient" field but does not count them as water, so it leaves overall hydration open.

Enriching ingredients in two King Arthur formulas
IngredientIn King Arthur's formulas (% of flour)Effect
Butter or oilAbout 15% (sandwich loaf); 50% (professional brioche)Soft, tender crumb; slower staling
SugarAbout 7% (sandwich loaf); 12% (brioche)Sweetness, browning; slows yeast above about 10%
EggsNone (sandwich loaf); 50% (brioche)Colour, richness, structure
MilkAbout half the liquid (sandwich loaf)Soft crumb, browner crust

Adding butter

Develop the gluten first, then add soft (not melted) butter a piece at a time, mixing until each disappears. A stand mixer makes high-butter doughs much easier. Chilling the dough before shaping firms the butter and makes it easier to handle.

Baking enriched bread

Sugar and milk brown fast, so bake at about 350 to 375°F and tent with foil if the top darkens early. Enriched loaves are done at about 190°F in the center. A tangzhong makes them even softer.

Questions bakers ask

Why does sweet dough rise slowly?

Large amounts of sugar draw water away from the yeast. Use a little more yeast, an osmotolerant yeast, or allow more time.

What temperature is enriched bread done?

About 190°F (88°C) in the center.

Equipment for this job

Keep what you own when it does the job. These are the other exact models we profile.

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